Taba ea Ts'ebeliso ea Ts'ibollo ea Metsi a Litšila Likhoebong tsa Shanghai tsa ho Hlabela Meat le Ho Etsa Likhoebo

Khamphani ea ho lokisa nama e thehiloeng Shanghai e thehiloe ka 2011 mme e Seterekeng sa Songjiang. Ts'ebetso ea eona ea khoebo e kenyelletsa mesebetsi e lumelletsoeng joalo ka ho hlaba likolobe, ho tsoalisa likhoho le mehlape, kabo ea lijo, le lipalangoang tsa mebila (ho sa kenyeletsoe lisebelisoa tse kotsi). Setsi sa motsoali, k'hamphani ea liindasteri le khoebo ea Shanghai hape e Seterekeng sa Songjiang, ke khoebo e ikemetseng eo haholo-holo e sebetsanang le temo ea likolobe. E okametse mapolasi a maholo a mane a likolobe, hona joale e boloka hoo e ka bang 5,000 ea ho ikatisa e nang le matla a selemo le selemo a ho fihlela ho 100,000 ea likolobe tse itokiselitseng 'maraka. Ho feta moo, k'hamphani e sebelisana 'moho le mapolasi a 50 a tikoloho a kopanyang temo ea lijalo le leruo la liphoofolo.

Likhoebo tsa ho Hlabela nama e tala le ho Li lokisa

Metsi a litšila a tsoang mahlabelong a likolobe a na le lintho tse ngata tse phelang le limatlafatsi. Haeba e sa phekoloe, e baka likotsi tse kholo lits'ebetsong tsa metsing, mobung, boleng ba moea, le tikolohong e pharaletseng. Litlamorao tsa mantlha tsa tikoloho ke tse latelang:

1. Tšilafalo ea Metsi (liphello tsa hang-hang le tse matla)
Mahlaseli a litšila a na le lintho tse ngata tse silafatsang le limatlafatsi. Ha li kenngoa ka ho toba linōkeng, matšeng kapa matangoaneng, metsoako ea lintho tse phelang—tse kang mali, mafura, mantle le mesaletsa ea lijo—e bolisoa ke likokoana-hloko, e leng mokhoa o jang oksijene e ngata e qhibilihileng (DO). Ho fokotseha ha DO ho lebisa maemong a anaerobic, ho fella ka lefu la lintho tse phelang metsing tse kang litlhapi le shrimp ka lebaka la hypoxia. Ho bola ha anaerobic ho tsoela pele ho hlahisa likhase tse nkhang hamonate—ho akarelletsa hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, le mercaptans—tse bakang ho fifala ha metsi le monko o mobe, e leng ho etsang hore metsi a se ke a sebelisoa ka morero ofe kapa ofe.

Metsi a litšila a boetse a na le maemo a phahameng a nitrogen (N) le phosphorus (P). Ha li kena metsing, limatlafatsi tsena li khothalletsa kholo e feteletseng ea algae le phytoplankton, e lebisang ho lithunthung tsa algal kapa maqhubu a mafubelu. Ho bola ho latelang ha algae e shoeleng ho tsoela pele ho senya oksijene, ho senya botsitso ba tikoloho ea metsing. Metsi a Eutrophic a na le boleng bo hlephileng mme a seke a lokela ho nooa, ho nosetsa, kapa ho sebelisoa indastering.

Ho feta moo, metsi a litšila a ka 'na a na le likokoana-hloko tse bakang likokoana-hloko-ho akarelletsa le libaktheria, likokoana-hloko le mahe a likokoana-hloko (mohlala, Escherichia coli le Salmonella) - tse tsoang maleng a liphoofolo le mantleng. Likokoana-hloko tsena li ka ata ka phallo ea metsi, tsa silafatsa mehloli ea metsi a tlaase, tsa eketsa kotsi ea tšoaetso ea mafu a zoonotic, le ho beha bophelo ba sechaba kotsing.

2. Tšilafalo ea mobu
Haeba metsi a litšila a lahleloa ka kotloloho mobung kapa a sebelisetsoa ho nosetsa, lintho tse tiileng le mafura a ka koala masoba a mobu, a sitisa sebopeho sa mobu, a fokotsa ho kenella le ho sitisa kholo ea metso. Boteng ba lintho tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko, litlolo, le limetale tse boima (mohlala, koporo le zinki) tse tsoang lijong tsa liphoofolo li ka 'na tsa bokellana mobung ha nako e ntse e ea, tsa fetola sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale, tsa baka letsoai kapa chefo, le ho etsa hore naha e se be boemong bo loketseng bakeng sa temo. Naetrojene le phosphorus tse fetang matla a lijalo li ka baka tšenyo ea limela ("ho chesa menontsha") 'me li ka kena metsing a ka tlas'a lefatše, ho baka likotsi tsa tšoaetso.

3. Tšilafalo ea Moea
Tlas'a maemo a anaerobic, ho senyeha ha metsi a litšila ho hlahisa likhase tse kotsi le tse kotsi tse kang hydrogen sulfide (H₂S, e khetholloang ke monko o bolileng oa lehe), ammonia (NH₃), liminerale le mercaptans. Mesi ena ha e hlahise feela monko o kotsi o amang sechaba se haufi empa hape e baka likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle; H₂S e phahameng e chefo 'me e ka ba kotsi. Ho feta moo, methane (CH₄), e leng khase e matla e futhumatsang lefatše ka makhetlo a fetang mashome a mabeli ea carbon dioxide, e hlahisoa nakong ea tšilo ea anaerobic, e tlatsetsang phetohong ea maemo a leholimo.

Khetla ea oksijene ea lik'hemik'hale (COD) analyzer

Kwa China, phallo ya metsi a mahlabelo a ditshila e laolwa tlasa tsamaiso ya tumello e hlokang hore ho latelwe meedi e dumelletsweng ya ho ntsha metsi. Lisebelisoa li tlameha ho latela ka thata-thata melaoana ea Tumello ea Phallo ea Tšilafalo 'me e finyelle litlhoko tsa "Tekanyetso ea Phallo ea Litšilafatso tsa Metsi Bakeng sa Indasteri ea Phetoho ea Nama" (GB 13457-92), hammoho le litekanyetso life kapa life tse sebetsang tsa lehae tse ka bang thata ho feta.

Ho lumellana le litekanyetso tsa ho ntša metsi ho lekoa ka tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ea likarolo tse hlano tsa bohlokoa: tlhokahalo ea oksijene ea lik'hemik'hale (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), phosphorus (TP), kakaretso ea nitrogen (TN), le pH. Matšoao ana a sebetsa e le litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso ea ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea mekhoa ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila-ho kenyeletsoa sedimentation, karohano ea oli, phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, ho tlosoa ha limatlafatsi le ho thibela likokoana-hloko-ho etsa hore ho be le liphetoho tse nakong ho netefatsa hore metsi a litšila a tsitsitse ebile a lumellana.

- Tlhokahalo ea Oksijene ea Lik'hemik'hale (COD):COD e lekanya kakaretso ea lintho tse phelang tse oxidizable ka metsing. Maemo a phahameng a COD a bonts'a tšilafalo e kholo ea lintho tse phelang. Metsi a litšila a ntlo ea mahlabelo, a nang le mali, mafura, liprotheine le mantle, hangata a bontša COD ho tloha ho 2,000 ho isa ho 8,000 mg/L kapa ho feta. Ho beha leihlo COD ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekola bokhoni ba ho tlosa meroalo ea lintho tse phelang le ho etsa bonnete ba hore tsamaiso ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila e sebetsa hantle ka har'a meeli e amohelehang ea tikoloho.

Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N): Paramethara ena e bonts'a bongata ba ammonia ea mahala (NH₃) le ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) metsing. Nitrification ea ammonia e ja oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng haholo 'me e ka lebisa ho fokotseha ha oksijene. Ammonia ea mahala e chefo haholo ho bophelo ba metsing esita le maemong a tlase. Ho feta moo, ammonia e sebetsa e le mohloli oa limatlafatsi bakeng sa kholo ea algal, e tlatsetsang ho eutrophication. E hlaha ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha moroto, mantle le liprotheine metsing a litšila a ntlo ea mahlabelo. Ho beha leihlo NH₃-N ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lits'ebetso tsa nitrification le denitrification le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle.

- Kakaretso ea Nitrogen (TN) le Total Phosphorus (TP):TN e emela kakaretso ea mefuta eohle ea naetrojene (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, nitrogen nitrogen), ha TP e kenyelletsa metsoako eohle ea phosphorus. Ka bobeli ke bakhanni ba mantlha ba eutrophication. Ha metsi a litšila a nang le naetrojene le phosphorus a tšeloa metsing a tsamaeang butle a kang matšeng, matamong le linōkeng, a etsa hore bolele bo phatlohang—ho tšoana le ho nontša metsi—e leng se lebisang ho thunyeng ha bolele. Melao ea sejoale-joale ea metsi a litšila e beha meeli e thata ho feta ea ho tsoa ha TN le TP. Ho beha leihlo litekanyo tsena ho lekola katleho ea mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho tlosa limatlafatsi 'me ho thusa ho thibela ho senyeha ha tikoloho.

- pH Boleng:pH e bontša acidity kapa alkalinity ea metsi. Bongata ba lintho tse phelang metsing li phela ka har'a pH e patisaneng (hangata 6-9). Litšila tse nang le asiti e feteletseng kapa alkaline li ka senya bophelo ba metsing 'me tsa senya botsitso ba tikoloho. Bakeng sa limela tse hloekisang metsi a litšila, ho boloka pH e nepahetseng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lits'ebetso tsa kalafo ea likokoana-hloko. Teko e tsoelang pele ea pH e ts'ehetsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso le ho latela melao.

Khamphani e kentse lisebelisoa tse latelang tsa ho beha leihlo marang-rang ho tsoa ho Boqu Instruments sebakeng sa eona sa mantlha sa ho tsoa:
- CODG-3000 Online Automatic Chemical Oxygen Demand Monitor
- NHNG-3010 Ammonia Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor
- TPG-3030 Kakaretso ea Phosphorus Online Automatic Analyzer
- TNG-3020 Kakaretso ea Nitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer
- PHG-2091 pH Online Automatic Analyzer

Ammonia Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor

Kakaretso ea Phosphorus Nitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer

Litlhahlobo tsena li thusa ho beha leihlo ka nako ea 'nete COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus kakaretso, naetrojene kaofela, le maemo a pH ka har'a metsi a litšila. Lintlha tsena li thusa tlhahlobo ea tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang le limatlafatsi, tlhahlobo ea likotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, le ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo mabapi le maano a kalafo. Ho feta moo, e lumella ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea phekolo, ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso, ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho, le ho lumellana ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng le melao ea tikoloho ea naha le ea lehae.